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How a larger and stricter sample changed the formulas without changing the conclusions

A leave-one-event-out test of 17,277 complete decathlon performances

Rafał Snoch examines the five Day One events through 100-point FDM-40N cohorts, revealing how individual specialists, weak-event survivors and population patterns shape the residuals behind the scoring model.

The first Commonwealth Games decathlon title was decided in Kingston in 1966, where New Zealand’s Roy Williams won gold with 7270 points. Wales’s Clive Longe took silver with 7123, ahead of Canada’s Gerry Moro on 6983, opening a new …

This article asks whether the decathlon’s own performance data can provide enough information to calibrate a fair scoring system without relying primarily on elite athletes. Using 27, 741 complete decathlons—and a separate dataset excluding all …

Part 8 takes the Fair Decathlon Model into its deepest territory yet, examining B — the parameter that determines where scoring reaches zero. Using 10, 720 complete performances with totals below 7000 points, this analysis tests whether the …

After completing the zero ‐point audit in Part 8, the Fair Decathlon Model now turns to a deeper question: what should a decathlon scoring table actually measure? Part 9 explores why performances cannot be separated from the two ‐day …

A decathlon is not ten separate events. It is one competition, unfolding over two days, with one clock running from the first start to the final finish. Part 10 of the Fair Decathlon Model asks what happens when we look at the decathlon this way …

Vasili Kuznetsov was a leading figure in Soviet decathlon, winning three consecutive European titles in 1954, 1958 and 1962, alongside Olympic bronze medals in Melbourne 1956 and Rome 1960. The Russian ‐born athlete twice broke the …

The Soviet Union's Vasili Kuznetsov dominated the men's decathlon at the 1961 Summer Universiade in Sofia, Bulgaria, scoring 7918 points at the Vasil Levski National Stadium on 31 August–1 September. Bulgaria's Milan Kuzmanov claimed silver …